A hammertoe is a contracture or bending of one or both joints of the second, third, fourth, or fifth toes. This abnormal bend puts pressure on the toe when wearing shoes, causing a variety of problems. At Advanced Foot, Ankle & Wound Care, Dr. Kyle W. Sundblad, DPM, and Dr. Sadegh Arab, DPM, help patients in Sterling Heights, MI, identify the early stages of this condition. While hammertoes usually start as mild deformities, they can become fixed over time, meaning the toe stays in a rigid, bent position and can no longer be straightened by hand.
Common Causes and Progression
The primary cause of hammertoes is a muscle or tendon imbalance, which leads to the toe becoming unstable. This imbalance can be the result of structural changes in the foot that occur over time, such as flat feet or high arches. Genetics often play a role, but external factors like ill-fitting footwear, specifically high heels or shoes with a narrow toe box, can crowd the toes and aggravate the condition. For people with diabetes or certain neurological conditions, the nerve damage can further contribute to the weakening of the small muscles in the foot, causing the toes to curl.
Recognizing Symptoms and Secondary Issues
The most obvious sign of this condition is the hammer-like appearance of the affected toe. However, the physical bend often leads to secondary painful issues. Because the knuckle of the bent toe rubs against the top of the shoe, many patients develop painful corns or calluses. You may also experience redness, inflammation, or a burning sensation in the affected joint. In severe cases, the constant friction can lead to open sores or ulcers, which are particularly dangerous for patients with poor circulation. Our podiatrists evaluate the flexibility of the joint to determine the best course of action.
Non-Surgical Management Strategies
In the early stages, hammertoes are often flexible and can be managed without surgery. Dr. Sundblad and Dr. Arab recommend changing to shoes with a deep toe box to eliminate friction. We also provide custom orthotic inserts to correct the muscle imbalance and stabilize the foot. Padding the corns and calluses or using specialized toe splints can help reposition the toe and relieve immediate pressure. Stretching exercises aimed at strengthening the toe muscles may also prevent the deformity from becoming rigid.
Surgical Correction for Rigid Hammertoes
When a hammertoe becomes fixed and painful, or if open sores develop, surgical intervention may be necessary. The goal of surgery is to restore the toe to its natural position and eliminate the source of pain. This may involve removing a small piece of bone at the joint or lengthening the tendons that are pulling the toe into a curled position. Most procedures are performed on an outpatient basis in our Sterling Heights, MI, office, allowing you to return home the same day. Our surgical team ensures that you understand the recovery process and the steps needed to prevent the deformity from recurring.
Get Expert Podiatric Care in Sterling Heights, MI
Leaving a foot deformity untreated can lead to permanent stiffness and chronic pain. The team at Advanced Foot, Ankle & Wound Care is dedicated to providing effective solutions that keep you mobile and comfortable. If you notice your toes beginning to curl or if you are struggling with painful corns, schedule an evaluation with our specialists by calling (586) 731-7873. We offer the diagnostic tools and clinical expertise necessary to restore the health and alignment of your feet
